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Colon Cancer

Colon cancer is a disease that involves the change in the normal cells of the colon. The cells are divided without stopping and cannot be controlled, which can take years. In the initial stage, these cells may only be a simple tumor. However, if leaving it without receiving treatment or removal, this tumor might spread and become cancer. Risk factors of colon cancer Though the cause of colon cancer is not clearly known, there are some factors that might increase the risk of having this cancer. For example: Have a history of having tumor, which is normally found in the colon wall and is not cancer. As time goes by, some types of tumors can become colon cancer. Age: Mostly, it is found that more than 90% often occurs in people age 50 years old and above. However, it might be found in young adults and teenagers. Have a history of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), which are ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease that might become chronic colon inflammation and increase the risk of having colon cancer. Have a family member with colon cancer. Those who have a family member with colon cancer before reaching 60 years old will have more risk of having colon cancer. Lack of exercise and obesity can increase the risk of having colon cancer. Smoking: From studies, it was found that smokers have more risk of having colon cancer than non-smokers. Symptoms of colon cancer Sometimes,

Atrial Fibrillation or AF or A-Fib

It is a type of arrhythmia that can be commonly found in about 1-2 percent of normal people. The chance of having this condition will increase according to age. It can be found in people aged 80-90 years old up to 5-15 percent. Moreover, it can be related with other types of heart disease. Atrial fibrillation can be found in people with other heart diseases, such as pericarditis, cardiomyopathy, regurgitation or stenosis of heart valve, and congenital heart disease. What is atrial fibrillation? Atrial fibrillation is a condition when there is sparse stimulation of the atrium, which can affect the atrium systole. The heart will beat fast and irregular. The complication of atrial fibrillation is that there is a reduction of blood pumping to the heart. If not receiving the proper treatment, it will eventually lead to a heart attack. The residual of blood in the atrium can cause a blood clot that can flow to obstruct the cerebral artery higher than in normal people by up to 5 times, which can lead to death. Causes of atrial fibrillation Cardiovascular disease, such as regurgitation or stenosis of heart valve, cardiomyopathy, hypertension, acute ischemic heart disease, myocarditis, and pericarditis. Disease in other systems, such as hyperthyroidism, lung disease, emphysema, infection in the blood stream, post-surgery condition, cerebral hemorrhage, and stroke. Unknown cause More than half of the patients with atrial fibrillation have no direct symptoms, but come to see the doctor

Prostate Cancer

The prostate gland is an organ located between the bladder and sigmoid colon, which produces the plasma and sperm. Therefore, it is greatly important in the male reproductive system. In the initial stage of prostate cancer, the symptoms do not often show. However, when the cancer grows and presses on the urethra, it will disturb the lower urinary tract system. For example: Frequent urination, especially at night, painful urination, urinary retention, and weak urine stream or intermittent urine. If leaving for a long time, the patient will have difficulty urinating and will urinate more frequently, until blood found in urine. Currently, doctors have found that the rate of prostate cancer is increasing. The risk factors that can cause the disease are: Age: When getting older, the chance of having prostate cancer will be high. Mostly, it occurs in males 50 years old and above. Heredity: Those whose father or sibling with prostate cancer will have greater risk than normal people. Race: Found more in western males in both Europe and America, but less in Asians. Diet: Eating foods with high fat, high energy, and red meat all the time, which can prostate cancer. More information: Cancer Center

How do you know if you have heart disease?

Normally, there are no warning signs for heart disease. The doctor can use a cardiac test when the heart problems occur. History of health and physical check-up A thorough physical check-up can identify whether you have heart disease or beginning to have heart disease. The history of your heath is also important. Other questions, like history of smoking, drinking alcohol, and habit of exercising and history of personal health and of family members are also important components. EKG or ECG ECG is an English abbreviation of Electrocardiogram. In Thai, it is called การตรวจคลื่นไฟฟ้าหัวใจ. It is the diagnosis in the form of electrocardiogram. Conductive sheets are placed on the chest to catch the electric current, which will be printed in the graph paper. A consistent signal shows that the heart is working normally. However, if there are the differences in some points of the electric signal, it might show that some areas of the heart are injured or destroyed. This type of procedure is not complicated and can provide a general diagnosis. Exercise Stress Test The exercise stress test is similar to ECG in which the chest will be attached with lead sheet. Your vital signs will be recorded while exercising, such as walking on treadmill or riding stationary bike. Exercise can increase the rate of heartbeat and high blood pressure. The test is used to measure the response of the heart towards the physical stress, such as abnormality of electric

Esophageal Cancer

Esophageal cancer occurs when the abnormally growth of cells becomes cancer, which comes from the growing of inner tissue to the outside wall. If the cancer spreads through the esophagus wall, it can enter into the lymph node, aorta in the chest, and nearby organs. Esophageal cancer can also spread into the lungs, liver, stomach, and other parts of the body. Risk factors Currently, the cause of esophageal cancer is not clear. However, there are several factors that can increase the development of the disease. For example: Age: Those aged between 45-70 years old have the highest risk. Gender: Males have a chance of having this disease 3 times more than females. Smoking: The risk will increase according to the quantity and period of smoking. Drinking alcoholic drinks can increase the risk of having esophageal cancer, especially squamous cell. The condition of the esophagus called Barret’s esophagus is a condition that occurs in those who have inflammation in the esophagus from gastric acid, which destroys the cells of the esophagus wall and cause adenocarcinoma. Have food with low vegetables, fruits, and minerals. Obesity Symptoms of esophageal cancer The symptoms of esophageal cancer in the initial stage do not show. However, the following symptoms might show if it gets more severe: Have difficulty in swallowing, especially while having hard diet, like meat, bread, or fresh vegetables. However, when this disease spreads until the cancer obstructs the esophagus, you will feel pain

Myocardial Ischemia

When the heart receives inadequate oxygen, pain that is called angina will occur, which is caused by spasm of the coronary artery. Such symptom is a warning that the heart needs more oxygen. The symptoms for myocardial ischemia vary in each person. For example: Pain, ache, or illness Heartburn Abdominal discomfort Pressure in the chest Cramp Hot Numb Sweat Difficult breathing Dizziness The symptoms can occur in the chest, shoulder, upper back, arm, neck, throat, or molars and might occur when you are feeling stressed, using energy while doing activities, or after having a heavy meal. Do not overlook myocardial ischemia. Taking a rest and using the medical treatment are the methods that can effectively reduce myocardial ischemia.

Diabetic Treatment

Diabetes is the chronic condition of high blood sugar that comes from a deficiency in producing insulin or function of insulin or both cases. Diabetes often involves many serious complications and can be the cause of premature death. However, diabetic patients can take care of themselves to reduce the risk of incidence. The objective of treatment is to maintain the blood sugar to be similar to normal levels at all times. The training for management and self-care is an important part for diabetic treatment. The method of treatment depends on each part. The aspects of medical, psychosocial, and lifestyle of the patient are also used in the treatment. – Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Because the pancreas cannot produce the insulin, Type 1 Diabetes is difficult to control. Therefore, many treatment criteria are needed. For example: Control the diet carefully, plan the exercise, self-fasting blood sugar, and Metered Dose Inhale (MDI). – Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes The treatment methods are diet control, exercise, and self-fasting blood sugar. In some cases, treatment method by oral medication and/or insulin injection might be needed. About 40% of patients with Type 2 Diabetes need to have insulin injection.

Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is a common cancer and is the top cause of death in females. In males, breast cancer can also occur but it is not common. About 90% of breast cancer is caused by the mammary gland and milk duct. Breast cancer can occur in both breasts in both the initial stage and after diagnosis. However, the detection of breast cancer in the initial stage can increase the success rate of treatment. Sometimes, females with breast cancer might not have any symptoms. Sometimes, the abnormalities might not be cancer. Therefore, you should see a doctor when the following symptoms occur: Have thick lump in the breast or under the arm Dent in the nipple with lymph or wound Hot and red rash on the breast, like orange peel Pain around the breast Risk factors of breast cancer Age: Females more than 50 years old will have more risks. Have a history of breast cancer. Patients with breast cancer on one side will have the risk of having a cancer lump in the other breast by 3-4 times. Have a history of ovarian cancer because the ovarian cancer is related with hormone exposure, which can increase the risk of causing breast cancer. Have a family member with breast cancer, which will increase the risk of having breast cancer. Mutation of BRCA1 or BRCA2, which is related to an increased risk of having breast cancer, and a history of breast cancer

การประชุมสามัญผู้ถือหุ้นประจำปี 2562 วันที่ 26 เมษายน 2562 ของ บริษัท โรงพยาบาลพระรามเก้า จำกัด (มหาชน)

การตรวจสวนหัวใจและหลอดเลือด

การตรวจสวนหัวใจและหลอดเลือด โดย นพ.วิโรจน์ โตควณิชย์ มีผู้ป่วยหลายคนถามว่าการตรวจสวนหลอดเลือดหัวใจเป็นอย่างไร และคนไข้ที่เป็นโรคเส้นเลือดเลี้ยงหัวใจตีบทุกคนต้องทำหรือไม่ การตรวจสวนหลอดเลือดหัวใจ คือ การฉีดสารทึบรังสีเข้าไปในเส้นเลือดหัวใจโดยตรงแล้วถ่ายภาพของเส้นเลือดหัวใจ ทำให้สามารถเห็นบริเวณที่ตีบตันของเส้นเลือดได้อย่างละเอียด วิธีการทำนั้นผู้ป่วยจะได้รับการฉีดยาชาที่ขาหนีบซ้ายหรือขวา หลังจากนั้นแพทย์จะเจาะรูเล็กๆ ที่ผิวหนัง แล้วสอดสายสวนขนาดประมาณ 2.5 มม. เข้าไปในเส้นเลือดแดงผ่านขึ้นไปที่เส้นเลือดแดงใหญ่เออออร์ต้า แล้ววางปลายสายสวนไว้ที่ปากทางเข้าของเส้นเลือดหัวใจทั้งซ้ายและขวา ฉีดสารทึบรังสี ประมาณ 3-5 ซีซี แล้วถ่ายภาพในหลายๆ มุม เพื่อดูเส้นเลือดเลี้ยงหัวใจ โดยวิธีนี้จะเจ็บเฉพาะตอนแรกที่ฉีดยาชาบริเวณขาหนีบเท่านั้น หลังจากที่ทำเสร็จดึงสายสวนออกจะกดบริเวณขาหนีบประมาณ 15 นาที โดยไม่ต้องเย็บ ผู้ป่วยต้องนอนราบและงอขาหนีบไม่ได้ 6-12 ชั่วโมง เวลาที่ใช้ในการทำทั้งหมดประมาณ 1 ชั่วโมง การฉีดยาสีตรวจหลอดเลือดหัวใจนั้นมีความปลอดภัยสูงมาก อันตรายที่เกิดขึ้นนั้นมีน้อยกว่าครึ่งเปอร์เซ็นต์ โรคแทรกซ้อนนั้นอาจเกิดจากการแพ้สารทึบรังสี เช่น ผื่นแพ้ลมพิษ แต่ในปัจจุบันนี้สารทึบรังสีที่ใช้มีผลข้างเคียงน้อย นอกจากนี้ยังอาจเกิดการฉีกขาดของผนังเส้นเลือดแดงที่บริเวณขาหนีบ หรือผนังเส้นเลือดโป่งพองแต่จะเกิดขึ้นน้อยถ้าระมัดระวัง ผู้ป่วยโรคหลอดเลือดหัวใจตีบนั้นไม่จำเป็นต้องตรวจสวนหัวใจทุกคนยกเว้นในกรณีที่มีอาการรุนแรงกินยาแล้วยังมีอาการอยู่ ผู้ป่วยอายุน้อย แพทย์มักจะแนะนำให้ทำหรือในกรณีที่แพทย์ประเมินแล้วว่ามีอาการมาก อาจจำเป็นต้องผ่าตัดหรือทำการขยายเส้นเลือดหัวใจ ส่วนการตรวจโดยวิธีอื่นๆ นั้น เช่น การใช้เอ็กซเรย์คอมพิวเตอร์ (Ultrafast CT) เพื่อดูปริมาณแคลเซียมที่ผนังหลอดเลือดหัวใจนั้นไม่สามารถทดแทนการฉีดสีได้เป็นเพียงการตรวจที่ช่วยบอกว่าถ้ามีปริมาณแคลเซียมมากจะมีโอกาสที่เส้นเลือดเลี้ยงหัวใจตีบสูงเท่านั้น