Health Articles

Knowledge

“Prostate cancer” The silent threat to middle-aged men. Early detection leads to successful treatment.

Prostate cancer is a common type of cancer and is the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer among Thai men, particularly the elderly. Most patients are between 60 and 79 years old. Therefore, elderly men should undergo screening for prostate cancer to help prevent its development.


What Causes Prostate Cancer?

The prostate is a male organ located around the urethra in the pelvic region, beneath the bladder. Its function is to produce a fluid that nourishes and helps transport sperm. The prostate tends to enlarge with age, which can obstruct the urethra and lead to difficulties with urination. This condition is common among the elderly but distinct from prostate cancer.


Prostate cancer develops from abnormal cells in the prostate that divide uncontrollably and rapidly. This can cause obstruction of the urinary tract and damage the normal tissues of the prostate. If not detected early, the cancer can spread to other organs.


The exact cause of prostate cancer is unclear, but it is known to be related to factors such as diet, genetics, and ethnicity. Data shows that the incidence of prostate cancer is nearly five times higher in Europe compared to Asia. However, prostate cancer should not be overlooked in Asian countries like Thailand, where it ranks as the fourth most common cancer among men.


Is Prostate Cancer Dangerous?

Prostate cancer is indeed considered a dangerous condition because it is a malignant tumor. If left untreated, it can progress to advanced stages where it spreads to surrounding organs or travels through lymphatic or blood vessels to other parts of the body. For example, if the cancer spreads to the bladder, it may cause blood in the urine, or if it spreads to the bones—its most common site of metastasis—the patient might experience severe bone pain and fractures. In cases where the cancer has spread throughout the body, patients may suffer from severe fatigue, rapid and unexplained weight loss, and ultimately, it can lead to death.


Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer


  • Age: The risk of developing prostate cancer increases with age.
  • Ethnicity: Genetic causes are not fully understood, but African descent individuals have a higher risk of prostate cancer.
  • Family History: The likelihood of developing prostate cancer is higher if there is a family history of the disease, especially in close relatives (parents, siblings, or children) who have had prostate cancer or carry genes associated with increased cancer risk (e.g., BRCA1 or BRCA2).
  • Obesity: Being overweight or obese is also considered a risk factor for prostate cancer.

Symptoms of Prostate Cancer

As mentioned earlier, prostate cancer results from abnormal cell growth in the prostate, leading to its enlargement. A concerning aspect of prostate cancer is that most patients do not experience symptoms in the early stages, which often results in delayed medical consultation. Symptoms typically become noticeable when the tumor grows and presses on the urethra, causing issues such as:


  • Difficulty urinating
  • Weak urine stream or abnormal urination patterns
  • Pain during urination
  • Frequent urination, especially at night

Stages of Prostate Cancer


  • Stage 1: The cancer is small and cannot be detected through a digital rectal exam. It is often found accidentally during surgery or biopsy, especially if blood tests show elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. At this stage, patients usually have no symptoms.
  • Stage 2: The cancer has grown larger but remains confined to the prostate. It can be detected through a digital rectal exam. Patients may still not experience any noticeable symptoms.
  • Stage 3: The cancer has grown large enough to block the urinary tract and has spread beyond the prostate. It can be felt during a digital rectal exam. Symptoms may include frequent urination, blood in the urine, difficulty urinating, and in some cases, urinary retention.
  • Stage 4: The cancer has spread to lymph nodes, bones, or other organs. Symptoms can include frequent urination, difficulty urinating, urinary retention, blood in the urine, back pain, bone pain, weight loss, fatigue, and in some cases, paralysis due to cancer spreading to the spine and causing fractures.

Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer

The following methods are commonly used for diagnosing prostate cancer:


  • Digital Rectal Examination (DRE): The doctor examines the prostate by inserting a finger into the rectum to assess the size, shape, and firmness of the prostate gland.
  • Blood Test for Tumor Markers: The key tumor marker for prostate cancer in the blood is Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA). Elevated levels of PSA can indicate the presence of prostate cancer.
  • Transrectal Prostate Ultrasound (TRUS): This procedure uses an ultrasound probe inserted into the rectum to visualize the prostate and assess its characteristics.
  • Biopsy: A biopsy involves taking a tissue sample from the prostate using a needle inserted through the rectum. The sample is then examined by a pathologist to determine if cancer cells are present.

Treatment of Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer can be treated using several methods, depending on the stage and characteristics of the cancer:


  • Surgery: Suitable for patients with Stage 1 and Stage 2 prostate cancer, where the cancer is confined to the prostate and has not spread to other organs.
  • Radiation Therapy: This involves using radioactive materials and external radiation. In early stages, radiation therapy can be as effective as surgery.
  • Hormone Therapy: Since male hormones (androgens) stimulate cancer cell growth, hormone therapy aims to reduce hormone levels or block their effects to slow down or stop the growth of the cancer.
  • Chemotherapy: This method has shown improved results over time. Doctors plan treatments to minimize side effects and unwanted reactions. For advanced prostate cancer that has spread, a combination of treatments may be used, such as radiation combined with medication.

Additionally, for cases where the prostate is enlarged but not cancerous, treatment may involve reducing the size of the prostate using hot steam (a procedure known as steam therapy). This minimally invasive method involves inserting a needle through the prostate and delivering hot steam to shrink the gland. It does not require general anesthesia and can be performed on an outpatient basis. This approach is beneficial for patients with conditions such as stroke or heart disease, as it does not require long-term discontinuation of blood thinners or antiplatelet medications.


Who Should Be Screened for Prostate Cancer?

Prostate cancer is commonly found in men over the age of 40, with the likelihood increasing significantly for those over 60. Early detection, even when symptoms are not present, is beneficial as it allows for potentially curative treatment. Recommended groups for prostate cancer screening include:


  • Men aged 50 and older
  • Those with risk factors, such as smoking or obesity
  • Individuals with a family history of prostate cancer

Screening is often part of annual health check-ups for men over 50 and may include evaluating for abnormalities in the urinary system.


Foods That Affect Prostate Cancer

Research on diet and its impact on prostate cancer growth has identified several foods that may help reduce the risk of prostate cancer, including:


  • Coffee
  • Lycopene in tomato sauce
  • Vegetable oils
  • Fish
  • Cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, and kale

Conversely, some foods might increase the risk of prostate cancer, such as:


  • Eggs
  • Cow’s milk

Self-Care for Prostate Cancer Patients

When diagnosed with prostate cancer, following the treatment plan prescribed by your doctor consistently is crucial. Maintaining a positive outlook is also essential to support the fight against the disease and complete the treatment. Self-care should include:


  • Regular Monitoring: Keep track of your symptoms and attend scheduled medical appointments to monitor the progress of the disease.
  • Health Maintenance: Focus on both physical and mental health. Consume a balanced diet with sufficient energy and nutrients from all food groups.
  • Radiation Therapy Care: If undergoing radiation therapy, follow your doctor’s instructions closely to minimize side effects and protect surrounding tissues.
  • Planning and Communication: Discuss life plans and treatment decisions with family to ensure mutual understanding. If a cure is not possible, consult with your doctor about palliative care options to maintain quality of life through the end stages.

Prevention of Prostate Cancer


  • Eat a Healthy Diet: Focus on a balanced diet rich in nutrients and low in unhealthy fats.
  • Exercise Regularly: Aim for at least 30 minutes of physical activity per day, three times a week.
  • Maintain a Healthy Weight: Avoid overweight and obesity, as being overweight is a risk factor for prostate cancer.
  • Quit Smoking: Smoking is linked to an increased risk of prostate cancer, so quitting is beneficial.
  • Get Screened: Regular screening for prostate cancer can increase the chances of early detection and effective treatment.

Conclusion

Although an enlarged prostate is common in older men, difficulty urinating in aging males may not just be a sign of aging but could also indicate prostate cancer. If you or someone you know is at risk, it’s important to undergo prostate cancer screening, particularly checking Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) levels. If there are any abnormalities in the urinary system, consulting a doctor for further investigation is recommended. Early treatment of prostate cancer can be highly effective and offers the best chance for a cure, compared to delaying treatment until the cancer has spread to other organs.

For more information, please contact
TEL: 1270 (Local) or +662 202 9999
Email: [email protected]
You can consult a doctor from anywhere through video calls.

บทความที่เกี่ยวข้อง (10)

View All

Calcified Plaque in the Coronary Arteries: The Silent Killer!

Understanding the Causes of Blockage Many people believe that coronary artery disease develops only with age. However, coronary artery problems can begin much earlier in life. The risk starts in youth when fatty deposits (fatty streaks) begin to form in the coronary arteries. Over time, these deposits thicken, eventually leading to artery blockages. Dr. Anupong Parinayok, a cardiologist at Praram 9 Heart and Vascular Institute, explains that the problem begins when the inner lining of blood vessels becomes inflamed and dysfunctional, often due to chronic conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. Lifestyle factors, such as smoking, also play a significant role. These factors make the blood vessel walls more prone to inflammation, allowing oxidized LDL cholesterol to infiltrate and accumulate within them. Over time, this buildup forms plaques and calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. If these plaques rupture, they can trigger the formation of a blood clot, leading to an acute heart attack. At this stage, quick medical intervention is crucial to prevent life-threatening complications. Ideally, however, it is best to prevent reaching this stage.

Fear of the Sun? It Could Be Putting You at Risk for “Osteoporosis”

When people thinking of Thailand, many picture the sun, and just imaging it can make you want to grab an umbrella. But did you know that sunlight is more important to Thais than you might think? The gentle sunlight of the early morning and late afternoon not only warms the body but also helps produce vitamin D, which is crucial for strengthening bones, reducing the risk of osteoporosis. Many people view sunlight as harmful, causing skin damage, wrinkles, and hyperpigmentation, leading them to overlook its benefits. Studies show that sunlight is essential for preventing osteoporosis and vitamin D deficiency. Exercising under soft sunlight in the morning allows the body to absorb vitamin D, which strengthens bones and reduces the risk of osteoporosis. In Thailand, 2.5-3% of the population of all genders and ages suffer from osteoporosis. Dr. Peeraphong Sawatdipong, an orthopedic surgeon specializing in knee and hip replacements at Praram 9 Hospital, revealed that vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in Thailand, affecting 30-40% of patients. The primary cause is an excessive fear of sunlight, leading to fragile bones and a higher risk of fractures, particularly among the elderly and postmenopausal women. In reality, morning sunlight, when absorbed through the skin, significantly helps the body produce vitamin D, which strengthens bones and reduces the risk of osteoporosis later in life.

Why Are Young, Active People Still at Risk for Sudden Cardiac Arrest?

Recently, we’ve often heard of athletes—seemingly healthy and young—suddenly passing away, raising concerns about the true cause of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in athletes and young adults. Is there a connection with exercise? And how can we handle such situations to prevent unforeseen tragedies for ourselves and our loved ones? The Real Causes of Sudden Cardiac Arrest Dr. Phonpitchaya Boondee, a cardiologist at the Praram 9 Cardiovascular Institute, explains that the incidence of sudden cardiac arrest tends to increase with age. Among younger people, it occurs at a rate of 1:100,000, which rises to 50:100,000 in middle-aged adults and up to 200:100,000 in those over 80 years old. Additionally, men are more at risk of coronary artery disease than women. In young individuals with no underlying conditions, the primary cause of sudden cardiac arrest are usually electrical disturbances of the heart and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. These are often genetic heart conditions that may present no prior symptoms, leaving individuals unaware they have heart disease.

Ovarian Cysts: A Hidden Threat Every Woman Should Know

These days, who would have thought that “ovarian cysts” would become a silent danger women need to be aware of? What’s even more concerning is that ovarian cysts often present no clear warning signs. Many women may be unaware that they have an ovarian cyst until they experience severe symptoms such as intense menstrual cramps, irregular periods, abdominal bloating, noticeable lumps in the pelvic area, or severe pain during intercourse. If left untreated, this condition can potentially be life-threatening. Unveiling the Secrets of Ovarian Cysts with a Specialist Professor Emeritus Dr. Sangchai Preutthipan, a specialist in reproductive medicine and laparoscopic surgery from Praram 9 Hospital, explains that the “ovaries” are small, thumb-sized organs responsible for producing eggs each month. With each ovulation, a fluid-filled sac forms around the egg. Sometimes, these sacs don’t dissolve as they should, leading to cyst formation. There are several types of ovarian cysts, including those caused by ovarian dysfunction, tumor-related cysts, endometriosis cysts (also known as chocolate cysts), cysts resembling other body tissues, and even cancerous cysts. Dr. Sangchai further notes that women of reproductive age up until menopause are at risk for ovarian cysts. Around 30-35% of women develop cysts due to ovarian dysfunction, while 20% develop tumor-related or chocolate cysts. Approximately 15% may have cysts that resemble other tissue types, and 1-5% are diagnosed with cancerous cysts. Each type of cyst carries different health risks.

Kidney Transplant Surgery Procedure, Recovery, and Complications to Monitor

Kidney transplantation is a surgical procedure that involves transplanting a kidney from a living donor or a donor who is brain-dead into a patient with chronic kidney failure, without removing the patient’s existing kidneys. The new kidney takes over the function of the damaged kidneys. The success rate of kidney transplantation is relatively high, and after the procedure, patients can experience a significant improvement in their quality of life. Therefore, kidney transplantation is considered the best treatment for chronic kidney failure. However, it is a major surgery with complex procedures. Before the operation, the donor kidney must be carefully matched to the recipient with chronic kidney failure, ensuring compatibility of blood and tissue between the donor and recipient to prevent rejection. Once a suitable kidney is found, the surgeon will perform the transplant on the patient. During and after the surgery, patients may face the risk of serious complications, so they must be closely monitored by a medical team. After the surgery, patients need to recover in the hospital to ensure that the new kidney is functioning properly and effectively.

Protect Yourself from Monkeypox: Know the Signs and Stay Safe

The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared a global health emergency due to a severe outbreak of monkeypox across Africa, where more than 450 deaths have been reported. Previously, in 2022, the WHO declared a public health emergency due to an outbreak of Clade 2, which is known for its milder symptoms. Although Clade 2 spread to over 100 countries, including Europe and Asia, it resulted in more than 87,000 cases and 140 deaths, with a mortality rate of 4%. The outbreak was primarily concentrated among the LGBTQ+ community, which allowed for targeted vaccination efforts to contain it effectively. This time, however, the outbreak involves Clade 1, which is much more severe, with a mortality rate of up to 10%. According to the Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), more than 14,500 monkeypox cases and over 450 deaths were reported between early 2024 and July, This represents a 160% increase in infections and a 19% increase in deaths compared to the same period in 2023.

How Long Can A Kidney Transplant Recipient Live After Surgery?

The kidneys are vital organs in the body, making kidney disease a significant issue that affects both the patient’s quality of life and the lives of those who care for them. Today, there has been an increase in kidney disease cases compared to the past, with a growing number of patients reaching end-stage chronic kidney failure and requiring urgent treatment. Kidney transplantation is considered the best treatment option for restoring the patient’s quality of life.

Thyroid Disease Symptoms! Which type of thyroid disease do these symptoms indicate?

The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped organ located at the front of the neck. Its main function is to produce thyroid hormones, which are crucial for the body’s metabolic system. These hormones also contribute to growth and regulate heart rate, body temperature, and other hormonal functions. When the thyroid gland malfunctions, it can affect the levels of thyroid hormones in the body, leading to conditions like hyperthyroidism (excess thyroid hormone), hypothyroidism (insufficient thyroid hormone), or other thyroid disorders. Patients with these conditions may exhibit different symptoms. This article will explain the symptoms of various types of thyroid diseases to help you recognize them early. If you suspect any issues, it’s important to consult a doctor for prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Cardiac Arrhythmia : A warning sign that may lead to heart failure

The heart is an essential organ that works tirelessly all the time. On average, the heart beats around 100,000 times a day. Nowadays, heart disease is becoming increasingly common and close to us. We often hear news of people we know, or those close to us, passing away due to heart disease, or instances of athletes collapsing during competitions caused by irregular heartbeats. Cardiac arrhythmia is considered a type of heart disease that is frequently mentioned today. An irregular heartbeat causes abnormal heart contractions. If severe and left untreated, it can lead to heart failure. Therefore, taking care of heart health is extremely important and should not be neglected.

Gynecologic Laparoscopic Surgery: A Great Option for Women

When it comes to women’s surgeries, besides the anxiety about the results, the pain from the surgery and the scars afterward are other significant concerns. Nowadays, medical advancements have provided women with treatment options that yield good results while leaving only small scars. The pain from the surgical wound is minimal, recovery is quick, and there are no severe complications. One such option is gynecologic laparoscopic surgery.

Copyright © 2024 All Rights Reserved | Praram 9 Hospital